File locking in cloud storage prevents users from making changes to a file while allowing viewing. It functions differently than local file locks, as cloud providers typically implement it through permission settings applied at the file or folder level within their platforms, rather than operating system-level locks. Once locked, the file becomes read-only for specified users or groups, effectively halting further edits.

This capability is crucial for scenarios requiring document integrity. For instance, legal teams might lock a finalized contract in Google Workspace to prevent unauthorized alterations after signatures. Similarly, a project manager using Microsoft SharePoint might lock a project requirements document once approved, ensuring the baseline specifications remain unchanged during development stages.

The primary advantage is ensuring version control and preventing accidental or malicious edits of finalized content. However, limitations exist: availability and granularity vary significantly between providers (Google Drive, Dropbox, Box, SharePoint Online), and lock settings often depend on complex permission hierarchies. Ethically, clear communication about locked files is essential to maintain collaboration trust, and features should be used judiciously to avoid hindering workflow.