Finding and deleting duplicate files means identifying exact copies of data stored on your computer or device and permanently removing the extras. Manual searches are difficult, so dedicated software (duplicate finders) is recommended. These tools compare files based on criteria like file name, size, type, and, crucially, content checksums (digital fingerprints). This content-based comparison ensures true duplicates are found, not just files with similar names but different content.

Common use cases include decluttering personal computers—removing identical photos, downloaded files, or documents saved multiple times across folders. Professionals, like system administrators or photographers, use these tools to free up significant storage space on drives or servers. Operating systems may have basic features (e.g., viewing duplicate photos on Mac Photos), but more powerful standalone applications (like DupeGuru, CCleaner, Easy Duplicate Finder) or built-in tools in software like Adobe Bridge offer greater flexibility.

The key advantages are recovering valuable storage space and simplifying file organization. However, risks exist: automated deletion could remove important files if not verified carefully beforehand. Always backup data and meticulously review proposed duplicates before deleting. Future tools are incorporating AI for smarter "near-duplicate" identification, like finding photos taken seconds apart.