Scanners often produce .tif files instead of .jpg because TIFF is a lossless format designed for archival quality. Unlike JPG, which uses lossy compression to significantly reduce file size by permanently discarding some image data, TIFF compression is either lossless (like LZW or ZIP) or completely uncompressed. This ensures every detail captured by the scanner sensor is perfectly preserved without degradation, which is crucial for documents, photographs, or artwork where accuracy matters.

This fidelity makes TIFF the preferred format for applications demanding exact reproduction. For instance, libraries and museums use TIFF when scanning historical documents or artwork to create high-resolution, unalterable digital masters. Similarly, engineers scanning architectural blueprints or legal professionals archiving signed contracts rely on TIFF to ensure every line and signature remains perfectly intact for future reference or evidence.

The major advantage is guaranteed image integrity, vital for archival, legal, and professional purposes where alterations or quality loss are unacceptable. The trade-off is much larger file sizes compared to JPG. While manageable for archival storage, TIFF's size can be cumbersome for web use or email. Ethically, using TIFF supports the accurate preservation of original materials. As storage becomes cheaper, its role in maintaining original quality for critical scans remains essential, though JPG is still widely used when small file size takes priority.